Redpath/Ridpath/Reidpath Family Newsletter
4Q November 2002
Table of Contents:
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Family History
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ever happened to David Redpath?
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Memorial of Adam Redpath
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'Redpath Roots' : A Report about
Researches into the Scottish roots of the Redpaths
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This issue celebrates the 2nd
anniversary of the Redpath/Ridpath/Reidpath newsletter, first put
together in November 2000. Thanks to the many generous
contributions of letters, articles, and photos by family members far and
wide, we continue to add more knowledge to the archives about our
scattered clans.
In the spirit of our Annual
Family Tree Survey, we have several articles on our collective past
including continuing the series that spans several of our newsletters: 'Redpath
Roots' : A Report about Researches into the Scottish roots of the
Redpaths, presented by Robert U Redpath, III. There are
also a few new introductions as well, as we meet current members
of the family.
Please remember to share a
copy with any family members who do not have internet access, it is very
simple to print the newsletter and mail it or bring it along on your next
family visit. And if you haven't provided an article yet, either about
yourself or your own part of our family history, now is a good time to
get started for articles needed in the February 2003 edition.
Annual Family Tree Survey -
Last year several family members suggested that we have an annual effort
to gather and update our family tree information. We kicked that
effort off last year in our 4Q November issue, right before the holiday
season. This was very successful and a great step towards
preserving what we know and especially learning and saving the precious
family history the older members of our family actually experienced.
So, contact your local genealogist (Family Tree person)
and give them the important events/ dates/ places in your life and your
immediate family. Births, Marriages, and Deaths with dates and
places are standard, but you can include graduations, employment
changes, moves, retirements, etc. And please help those family
members without internet access, especially the older ones, participate
in preserving their knowledge and heritage for future generations.
Here's a link with more information and additional ways
you can participate in a Family Tree Survey: http://www.ridpath.org/genealogy/genealogy_survey.html
David Ridpath - Ontario, Canada
My name is John David Ridpath, I presently reside in
Apsley, Ontario, Canada. I have 2 daughters, one living in Madoc, Ontario,
named Katie Morgan Ridpath, the other attending the University of Ottawa,
named Jessie Amber Ridpath.
My late father John Sanderson Ridpath, was born and raised in Lakefield,
Ontario. He has a half bother by the name of Charlie from Lakefield as well.
My father was married to Ceiwen Morgan Jones, who hailed from Brampton, Ontario.
I have a sister Judith Creighton who is presently residing in Australia.
My mother , before she net my father, gave birth to a son in 1937 ,
which she gave up for adoption, and who I have recently found out about and have communicated with over the phone.
I informed him that, I had also been adopted, and am presently searching
for a biological connection for health reasons. This is an outline of my immediate family,
thank you.
Robert Redpath - New Zealand
Hello from New Zealand! My
ancestors Thomas & Anne Redpath emigrated from Ayr in Scotland, to New
Zealand in 1860 on the ship "Robert Henderson". George, their son,
was born on the ship at Port Chalmers off the coast of the South Island,
New Zealand. We would be grateful if anyone could trace a family connection with
Thomas.
Kind Regards, Robert Redpath.
Redpath? - submitted by Clifford Redpath Brown
Of the 5 girls and 5 boys born to John Redpath and Jane Wright, the first 6 were all born on the Scottish side of the Border and when the family moved with their tenant Farmer, Mr Ogden to FORD in Northumberland, England, a further 3 children were born. The last child was born in the magic birth certificate year of 1855, when the family moved back to Scotland.
One of the English born children was DAVID REDPATH on the 15th December 1846 and so he duly appears with the rest of the family on the 1851 census for Ford as a scholar.
I am certain that the single, 14 year old, Porter/Servant, David Redpath, born England, in the 1861 census at 23, Wood Market, Kelso is my man and there is every possibility that he was the David Redpath shown as the witness to his brother John's marriage at Sprouston on the 2nd December 1864.
Supposing that he survived after that date, the handiest information source was the 1881 census discs. You think family history research is that easy,huh. Not a sign of him and the nearest I came across was a, Single, 38 year old, Draper, David Redpath born Scotland and was one of more than 150 people living on the premises of their employer, Meeking & Co. at 7 Holborn Circus, London.
In the recent release of the 1901 census, this David Redpath has moved from his previous employer to Wallis &
Co. Ltd. He is now a 57 year old Drapers Assistant and a Boarder along with 79 others, but he has changed his place of birth from Scotland to "CARLLEGAN HEIS GUAY"? Putting that name in my computer did not bring up anything significant. The first part Carllegan, gave me a place in Wales--CARLLEGAN FACH, MEIDRIM, CARMARTHEN and the end bit on it's own brings up something like French lingo. Was this an error by the person recording the original census, or was David Redpath having a Joke? Or is this an error in this modern time by the person transcribing the census material for us?
Any ideas?
Memorial of Adam Redpath - submitted by Glenn Holbourns
'Redpath Roots': A Report
about Researches into the Scottish roots of the Redpaths - by Robert U
Redpath, III - Book 1, Pages 9-18
Geographical mobility
One of the notions I had before beginning this research was that it would be easy to find successive generations in the same village or immediate area surrounding. My thinking was that transport was limited to horse and cart and that therefore everyone would find mates in the same village and would live there for generations. In fact, our ancestors moved quite considerable distances either to find a mate to to set up house or to find a job.
The Redpath Odyssey within Scotland goes something like this (and here your maps may come in handy)
The first James ('I') Rippeth and Christian Tullie lived in Roxburghshire, below the Teviot River. James (I think) was born in Denholm (1) and Christian was born in Morebattle (2), some 15 miles away. They are married in Roxburgh Church, also in Roxburghshire. They moved to Ednam (3) over the border into Berwickshire to have their first three children and then back to Roxburgh to have their last two.
The eldest son of James and Christian Rippeth, James (II),born in Denholm, the very southern extreme of Berwickshire, met Margaret Whitlaw, born in Duns (4), about 20 miles away from Denholm. They chose to be married in Coldingham (5) at the northern extreme of Berwickshire near the coast-about 23 miles from Ednam as the crow flies. Jean, their first born, was born in Hillend (6) and then James ('III') was born in Houndwood (7).
In the next generation James (III) met Mary Lauder, born in Earlston (8) which was way south of Houndwood--about 29 miles as the crow flies. They decided to get married in Ayton (9), which is not far from Houndwood (7) Their first born child, James ('IV'), was born in Ayton, but his sister and four brothers, including 'our Robert, were born in Foulden (10). However, at some point, James must have moved the whole family south of the Scottish border to Berrington Lock, in Kyloe Parish below Berwick upon Tweed (off your map) because John was born there. He described himself as a 'hind' which meant skilled farm labourer and he must have had to seek work in the South.
In the next generation, Robert, born in Foulden, met Christian Purves who was born in Gordon (11), some 20 miles away; he must have been introduced to her by his older brother, John, who had married Christian's older sister, Janet/Jennet four years earlier. Robert and Christian were married in Fogo Kirk (12) which is about equidistant between Gordon and Foulden. They then decided to return to Maxton parish, living in the farm steward's semi-detached cottage at Rutherford Burnside(13) on the estate of Mr. Adam Thompson. In some ways Robert's Odyssey turned full circle as he returned to within a few miles of Roxburgh, the place where his great-grandfather and great grandmother, James and Christian Rippeth were married in Roxburgh.
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The Border wars
The collector's item Border history was published in 1776, the year of American independence, by two (sadly, unrelated) Ridpaths brothers and fellow ministers, entitled:
The Border-history of England and Scotland, deduced from the earliest times to the Union of the two crowns: a particular detail of the transactions of the two nations with one another; accounts of remarkable antiquities; and a variety of interesting ANECDOTES of the most considerable FAMILIES and distinguished CHARACTERS in both kingdoms
The preface to this book says:
"The Borders of the united kingdoms of England and Scotland were, from their situation, the scene of the military enterprises and exploits that happened betwixt the contending nations. They were likewise the scenes and objects of many a transaction of a civil nature; particularly of the negotiation and conclusion of a very great numbers of treaties of peace and truce."
The border people were devastated by the Anglo-Scotland wars, including the battle of Flodden Field in 1513. Flodden lies about 7 miles south of Coldstream in Northumberland, an English county. James IV of Scotland, who was in alliance with France and who was also Henry's brother-in-law, led his armies over the river Tweed.
Henry the Eighth sent Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey to meet James and his Scots. In three hours of ferocious fighting at Flodden Field, the English destroyed the Scots completely: the English, with the advanced technology of the bow and arrow, overcame the Scottish spearmen. Ten thousand Scots lay dead, including King James himself and most of the aristocracy.
It took Scotland a quarter of a century to recover from this battle. Savaging from both sides turned the Border people into savages and as
'rievers' ( raiders) they plundered each other for some 300 years, stealing cattle, burning down houses.
Berwick-on-Tweed had a violent and at times 'political shuttlecock' existence batted back and forth over the centuries between the English and the Scots. In a book published in 1799 by John Fuller entitled History of Berwick upon Tweed, he says:
"Besides, did the limits of this volume admit it, most of our readers, instead of perusing, with pleasure and amusement, a minute narration of the savage barbarities which are every where to be met within the ancient history of this place, would turn from it with horror and disgust. Should any one, however, wish for a more particular detail of the scenes of bloodshed and devastation which were carried on in this town and its vicinity during the frequent wars between England and Scotland, which raged with such ferocity for many centuries, his wish may be fully gratified by perusing Leland's Collectanea. . .The border history of England and Scotland by Mr Redpath, may also be consulted with advantage."
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The Ridpaths' history covered the Borders from the earliest Roman times until the accession of James VI King of Scotland to the English crown, where, as James I, he had the "...laudable purpose of a union between his kingdoms."
"The king, pursuance of his favourite purpose of extinguishing all memory of past hostilities between his kingdoms, and, if possible, of the places that had been the principal scenes of their hostilities, prohibited the name of borders any longer to be used, substituting in its place that of the middle shires. He ordered all the places of strength in their parts to be demolished, except the habitations of noblemen and
barons; their iron gates to be converted into plough-shares, and the inhabitants to betake themselves to agriculture and the other works of peace."...
So the land of our ancestors, the Borders, as it is still referred to (pace King James), had a bloody history.
The Borders: geography
Sir John Sinclair's request for statistical information led to 83 parish accounts compiled by 72 ministers and published in the Statistical Account of Scotland 1791-1799. Volume III covers the Eastern Borders and the following are excerpts from this volume.
"The South East borders of Scotland, the region covered consists of Berwickshire, Roxburghshire, Selkirkshsire and Peebleshire. The area forms a distinct geographical unit, to a certain extent isolated from the rest of Scotland by a ring of moderately high hills enclosing the Tweed basin... to the north the Lammermuir, Moorfoot and Pentland hills...to the west the heights of the southern uplands...to the south, the Cheviot hills and the narrow coastal plain to the extreme east of the frontier with England. Within the rim of this horseshoe of hills lies a plateau intersected by the deep-cut dales of many swift-flowing rivers; this plateau encloses the wide valley of the Lower Tweed and its major tributary, the Teviot. Most of the region is hilly country, above 500 feet and provides a stark contrast with the fertile plains of the valleys."...
"In such difficult country, routes have always been of special importance--in the early period for military and administrative purposes, later for economic and social use; these old, traditional roads south of Edinburgh had secured the region for centuries and still exist today. By 1776 these roads had all been clearly delineated for the
traveler in Taylor and Sherman's road maps."...
"Turnpikes and tolls for these main roads, which, although opposed to at first, came be be universally acknowledged to be of signal benefit to the country's new road and bridges were actively
planned."...
"In 1810 Thomas Telford was asked to design a cast-iron railway through the centre of this region which was intended to improve communications from Berwick to Glasgow by means of horse-drawn
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trucks. Nothing came of this. Short distance travel was generally difficult and undertaken only when necessary. The major roads, maintained by tolls, provided the economic life-lines of the region and along them
traveled not only coaches and the mail but also numberous carts taking surplus produce to larger markets returning laden with imported goods." ...
"It was primarily an agricultural region, but one within which were two contrasting forms of agriculture. Put in its simplest term,the hilly land and plateau forming the rim of the horseshoe around the Tweed valley were principally devoted to pastoral farming: the raising of sheep, while the lower-lying lands of the river valleys were ideal for exploration by the plough."..
"By the early 1790's the land of the valley parishes was well on the way towards total enclosure. This had taken place within the previous twenty to thirty years; the old rigs has disappeared, to be replaced by field enclosed by hedges and ditches or by dry-stone dykes. This move was initiated by the proprietors of the land: it is their province to show what way and what should be
done; but their interest in their labour is limited. the extension of agriculture over any larger district of a country must be looked for and can only come from the letting of the farms to tenants. The real improvement was carried out by the tenants who now had greater continuity of tenancy;
their were actively encouraged by their landlords to open up new land, to manure it with lime (often paid for by the proprietor)
and to initiate new methods of husbandry. Associated with the enclosures were the plantations--long term policy providing shelter to flocks of sheep in winter.
"...
"Enclosure of the old rigs and the development of new crop rotation in the lowland areas, improvement of stock in both the lowland and upland areas, were all proving profitable to tenant farmers. How profitable is shown by the fact that they could easily afford to pay considerably increased rents."..
The tenant farmer
"The improved financial status of the tenant farmer in time affected his social status. But this favourable view was not shared by all. The Master of Eccles said: "..it is very improper to elevate men too high above their stations. As many of our farmers have got a very narrow education, riches have often the unhappy effect of making them proud and leading them to treat their supervisors with violence and contempt."...
During the period of the statistical account (1791-1799), there were basically three categories of farmer tenant:
hind: a married man and it was generally expected that his wife and some of his children would assist in 'farm
work. He was furnished with a cottage~ and was mainly paid in kind--an allowance of barley, oats and pease, land for grazing a cow, a patch of ground for growing potatoes, the monetary value was assessed as between £13-20 a year.
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unmarried male and
female farm servants: these lived with the farmer and received board. Their monetary income was assessed as between £5-10/annum for men and £2-5/annum for women.
day labourers: these received one to one and one half shillings per day.
Comments
James Ridpath, father of Robert, was described as a 'hind' in the birth records of John Redpath. Robert was described as 'farm
steward', which was probably a notch up the scale--remembering, of course, that Robert was of a more recent generation.
than the earlier statistical account and occupations were more differentiated. Robert's skills included bookkeeping and management and so he was obviously a beneficiary of the 'liberal education' afforded children of hinds.
Education
The children of the hinds are carefully sent to the parish school, to learn reading, writing, arithmetic and the first principles of religion. There were also additions to the basic curriculum such as book-keeping, mathematics, surveying which were available to those who wished to study them. The farmers are enrolled to give their children all the real advantages of what is usually called a 'liberal education'.
Parishes where our ancestors lived
Maxton
You will have the booklet Maxton 2000 by Charles Denoon and please note the reference to Robert Redpath in Secton 2. Here additionally are excerpts from the Statistical accounts of Scotland.
The 1834 Statistical Account covers exactly the period when Robert and Christian Redpath were living in Maxton, with Elibeth, aged 6, James, aged 4, and George, aged 2 living in the farm steward's
semi-detached cottage. Here are some excerpts:
"Hydrography: except the Tweed, there is not a stream in the parish; but there is no want of fine perennial springs--though the inhabitants have not hitherto profited much by this circumstance, their habitations being in no instance placed within reach of them."....
"Soil: on many acres in the southern and highest part of the parish, the soil is thin, wet and unproductive. The sub-soil is a stiff retentive till, mixed with stones.".~.
"Zoology: about eighteen or twenty years ago, a small fly was first noticed in this part of the country very like the common housefly, but somewhat lighter in the colour, and nimbler in its
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motions, and furnished with a long sharp proboscis, which it darts into the skin of men and animals in a moment, causing considerable pain. A silk or worsted stocking is no protection from its attacks. But troublesome as this little animal sometimes is, it is innocence itself compared with another, to whose insidious ravages we have now been exposed for several seasons, from about the middle of August till the end of harvest.
This enemy is very small; when viewed by the microscope, it appears of a red colour, and resembles a spider in its form; but nobody can go among long grass or bushes after it comes, without being stung all over the body, particularly in those places where the clothes sit close
to the person, so as to stop the creatures progress under them. Its wounds are not felt at the time they are inflicted, but the part soon becomes excessively itchy, swells to the size of a pea or bean, and continues to torment the victim for several days, or perhaps weeks. it is curious that there are some fields and districts in the neighbourhood where, it is said, this plague is not felt, though no plausible reason can be assigned for the fact."....
Comment: when our family left Maxton, they must have been relieved to escape these evil little monsters; but little did they know that the mosquito, the horse fly, and poison ivy, unknown in these parts, awaited them in America.
"Civil history: When Scotland was a separate kingdom, the village of Maxton seems to have contained a very considerable population--being able, it is said, to turn out 1000 fighting men. If it really ever was a place of such magnitude, it seems probable that the people subsisted, like many other communities of the same kind on the border, by alternately plundering and smuggling in the richer kingdom of England. Both these sources of wealth were speedily dried up, however, by the union of the Scotch and English crowns--an event which introduced law and regular industry among the border clans, and soon reduced their numbers to a correspondence with their honest means of subsistence. The village of Maxton is now reduced to a few miserable cottages."...
"Character of the people: The people in general are simple in their manners, sober, industrious, satisfied with their condition, and attentive to their religious and other duties. They have, however, no religious, literary, economical or political association among them. They are strangers to combinations for any purpose whatever. They seem willing and pleased to do their duty, without waiting for the example or direction of the active stirring manager of some benevolent institution. If a good act may be done tQ a neighbour, the opportunity of doing it is seldom neglected. If any one has been unfortunate, or has fallen into distress, he is sure of the sympathy and active aid of those around him, and often to a greater extent than they can well afford.
It is pleasing to see these kindly feelings continually showing themselves where there is evidently no motive but a desire to do to their brother as they verily believe, and could wish that, he would do to them.....
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"Among such a people, where luxury is unknown, and religion, in a great measure, performs part of human institutions, many things are wanting which are thought indispensable in other places. Here, for example, they have no lawyer, no justice of the peace, not even a constable, no medical man, no exciseman, no pawnbroker, no post-office, no Seceder meeting house, no tradesmen of any kind, but two smiths, two wrights, two tailors, tow fishermen and one miller, all of whom are absolutely necessary to keep the machinery of society in motion. There are, however, two public houses, which are certainly not of so
indispensable a character. They are not wanted for the accommodation of travelers, and they cannot but have a pernicious influence on the morals of those who are within the sphere of their influence. ...
"The farmers are active, intelligent, enterprising and industrious and their exertions for the improvements of their farms have, in general, been liberally encouraged by their landlords. Their houses and steadings are substantial and convenient. The leases are all for 19 years--which is thought a short enough period when any improvement is intended to be made.....
"The children are all taught to read, write and count; there is none in the parish, old or young, who have not had this
advantage; and yet, the general poverty of the parents obliges them to put their children soon to work, so that these useful accomplishments are often not so perfectly acquired as might be wished."
Comment:
Our ancestor, Fafa, attended the local Maxton parish school, Broomhouse, walking probably a mile or two each way each day in all weathers. He must have had a very good start educationally, even in such apparently humble circumstances. The Scottish educational system is often said to be superior to the English system and certainly emphasises equality of opportunity to all. I have often thought of Fafa starting in Broomhouse and ending up at Union Theological Seminary on Riverside Drive as a tribute to the Scottish education system.
Religion
The 1834 Statistical Account about Maxton reported that:
In 1831, there were 90 families in the parish; of these
21 were Seceders, and the rest belonged to the Establishment.
But many of these families of both classes were divided among themselves--part going to the church and part to the meeting house."
Comments
It is clear that Robert was one of the seceders from the Church of Scotland, as he led the singing in the United Presbyterian
church in Newtown St Boswells and every four weeks gave a sermon at Bross Village. Ninian Redpath, his younger brother, also was a seceder/dissenter, belonging to the Golden Square church in
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Berwick. The issue of dissenting arose when the Church of Scotland demanded an oath from its members.
"Communications: One daily London and Edinburgh coach passes this parish; and another, three times a week, between Edinburgh and Jedburgh. There is also a coach from Kelso to Glasgow every day in the summer and three times a week in winter."....
Foulden
The Statistical Account of Scotland for 1791-1794 described Foulden as ... . indispensably necessary, as a bond of defence
in those days, when the inhabitants of the Borders were in the practice of committing depredations upon one another. Although these acts of plunder were relinquished, after the revolution in 1688 *, it was not till within thefe 40 years, that a full division of property took place."....
"This parish, and some other lands adjoining, stand upon a considerable elevation, which continues to rise, towards the N. for 2 miles; and slopes gradually, until it reaches the sea banks, which are very high and rocky... These circumstances, added to an almost unbounded prospect to the S and W must contribute to render the air pure and dry, and consequently less susceptible of noxious or infectious taints. It has been frequently remarked here, that the diseases, which are peculiar to our climate, such as intermittent and common and continued fevers, putrid fever, and sore throat, are scarce known
amongst us, whilst they are sometimes very frequent and mortal, in the parishes immediately joining. These diseases have indeed made their appearance here at such times, but unaccompanied with that malignity, which rendered them so fatal to those attacked with them, in less elevated and more moist situations. For these 7 years and upwards only one young person has died, a female of 16 years of age, and one child. Good health is enjoyed through
life, with very little interruption; and except these two, none have died (residing in this
parish) during the above mentioned period, who had not
reached at least 60 years; and it is not unfrequent to attain the age of 80, and even 90
years, in the full possession of every faculty.
Comment: This report by the local minister, written during the period 1791-99, exactly when James Redpath and Mary Lauder were living in Foulden, seems to be totally contradicted by our ancestors' experience. James himself died in 1806, some seven
years after the report, aged only 35 years! His wife Mary lived on to be 67 years when she died. Jean/Jane died on 7 April 1817, aged only 22, followed almost immediately by Alexander died 20 days later aged a mere 20 years; this close proximity in deaths suggest a contagious disease. So our family stand out as
exceptions to the rule in the mortality probabilties in Foulden.
* the 1688 Revolution refers to the act under William of Orange which allowed people to worship publicly as they wished.
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The report points out that "..the number of Seceders is very inconsiderable; so that the people, in general, attend the ordinances of religion in the parish church; which was rebuilt in 1786."
Houndwood and Hill End
Jean Redpath was born in Hill End in 1769 (see Cecily's watercolour in Appendix A-3) and James was born in Hill End two years later. Appended is a copy of John Blackadder's map of Berwickshire dated 1797 and there are faint indications that there were tenant farmer cottages in Hill Out, which I think was renamed Hill End. Cecily and I have visited Hill End one snowy cold day and a copy of Cecily's water colour is included.
Because there were no censuses before 1831, it is impossible to locate which cottage our ancestors lived in.
Coldingham
The 1791-1799 Statistical Account of Scotland describe Coldingham as appearing ".. to have been of very high antiquity; for the monastery was one of the most ancient and flourishing on the east of Scotland, and previous to the confecration of the famous St Cuthbert, the bishop of Lindisferne, ie Holy Island, which was performed in the Cathedral of York in the year 685. This monastery, than a famous and stately edifice, was consumed and burnt."...
Our ancestors, James Ridpath and Margaret Whitlaw were married in Coldingham Priory, even though they lived in Houndwood and late Hill End, some miles distant. It was a very historic place and there is an interesting video commemorating the 900th anniversary.
Coldingham Priory is mentioned in Bede's 'Ecclesiastical History'. The Priory gave the village its prosperity and importance. In 640 AD Ebba, the daughter of the King of Bernicia, fled from her father's house to escape an undesirable marriage. She set of f by sea and a storm drove her ashore at a point near St Abb's
Head, which was named after her. In gratitude to God for her escape from the storm she founded a convent and she herself became its first Abbess. St Cuthbert on more than one occasion visited the nunnery.
There seems to have been a church in Coldingham as early as 830 AD. in 1098 AD Edgar, King of Scots, founded the Priory of Coldingham. Apparently Edgar won a battle by carrying a banner consecrated by St Cuthbert, who appeared in a vision, on the end of his spear. In gratitude he built the Priory and dedicated its altar to St
Cuthbert. The Priory became amongst the wealthiest in the country and around it grew an extensive wool trade.
The priory suffered frequently in the incessant frays of border warfare, occasionally occupied by the English and it suffered damage by fire at the hands of both English and Scots.
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King
John of England destroyed it in 1216 but this was replace by a new and greater building. The Priory was in an awkward situation being located in Scotland yet swearing loyalty to the English.
In 1509 the Priory's long connection with Durham was severed. In 1648, Cromwell, finding the Priory fortified, set his guns on an adjoining hill and destroyed the whole building. The first parish church was built in 1660 and it was in this church that our ancestors were married. The location of the pulpit, we were told by a local historian, had probably changed since that date.
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To be continued...